Mobile-first indexing means Google primarily uses your mobile version to index and rank, so content that exists on desktop but is stripped from mobile is not in the version Google reads, and can be effectively ignored. The indexed source is the mobile page. Anything missing from it is, for ranking purposes, missing from your site, no matter how complete the desktop layout looks. That is the mechanism: mobile is the indexed version, and desktop-only content falls outside it. This reflects observed indexing behavior and is worth confirming against current guidance for your case.
The problem usually arrives through layout decisions, not deliberate omission. Teams simplify the mobile experience by removing secondary sections, cutting long explanations, collapsing sidebars away entirely, trimming tables, or serving a lighter template that drops blocks present on desktop. Each of those choices quietly removes content from the exact version Google indexes. The desktop page still carries the depth, but the crawler is no longer reading the desktop page as its primary source, so that depth never reaches the index.
The consequence is that the affected content stops contributing to rankings as if it had been deleted. Keywords it used to cover, the comprehensiveness it added, the internal links it carried, and the intent it helped satisfy all weaken when the content is desktop-only, because the indexed mobile page is thinner than the desktop page you were judging by. A page can look authoritative on a large screen and rank like a stripped-down version, and the gap is invisible until you look at what mobile actually serves. Assuming Google still sees the desktop content is the trap.
So make parity your default and verify it. Ensure every piece of content that matters for ranking, the body text, the structured data, the important internal links, the metadata, exists in the mobile version, not just the desktop one. Check what your mobile page actually serves with a mobile crawl or rendered-HTML view rather than trusting the desktop layout, and add back anything that was dropped. If it is not on mobile, treat it as content Google does not have.