You cannot name a hard deadline, but you can name a working window, and the useful shift is to stop asking “how long should I wait” and start asking “how long until silence means no.” Google estimates a new page or site can take about a week to start getting crawled and indexed, and that with meaningful changes the reprocessing can run from days to several weeks. So the window is measured in weeks, not hours, and refreshing the report daily tells you nothing.
What sets the length of that window is how discoverable the page is and how often Google crawls it, not a universal timer. A page linked from pages Google crawls frequently, and sitting in your sitemap, gets looked at sooner. A page that is barely linked, deep in the site, or on a domain Google visits rarely will wait longer simply because it takes longer to be reached and reconsidered. The same calendar time means different things depending on whether the page was easy or hard for Google to get to.
So the window is best treated as a working estimate. For a normally linked page on a site Google crawls regularly, a few weeks is a reasonable span to give it before reading the silence as a verdict. If the page is new and reachable and several weeks pass with no indexing, that is usually Google telling you the page did not clear its value bar, not that it has not gotten around to it. The wait has turned into an answer.
Set the window before you start watching, rather than judging day by day. Confirm the page is reachable and in the sitemap, give it those few weeks, and if it still has not indexed by the end of that span, treat the non-indexing as the result and look at the page’s value and uniqueness. That is more useful than either panicking on day three or waiting indefinitely for a result that has already arrived.